It also evaluates state policies towards Kist and Chechen refugees from the 2000s till the present day. Currently, there are about a hundred people in the Pankisi Gorge who still hold refugee status and are unable to obtain Georgian citizenship. Most of them were born in Georgia or have been living and working in Georgia for decades. The author describes the drastic revisions of policies since 2015, which pose insurmountable barriers for refugees to acquire citizenship.